Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Post office

With a great pleasure and a can of Coca-Cola I have finished Charles Bukowski's Post Office this evening, the first book I am able to read in less than one week in a very long time. This short novel of 160 pages in pocket edition (Virgin Books, 2009) flows down your throttle as easy as Henry Chinaski, Hank, gulps down a fifth of whiskey. Niall Griffiths, in his 2009 introduction to the novel, gives a better idea about it: "the book tosses you about like a choppy sea (...). The book throws you about all over the place". Exactly. The reader is like a toy of flesh and bone being savagely waggled by a frantic child. But one loves the ride, the roller coaster of feelings and emotions going up and up. Two quids, Griffiths says the book cost to him, and that he took the money off food in a moment of shortage. Two quids cost tome, in pretty much a similar moment of shortage, although I can still eat. The scene has been like this: chicken breast being roasted in the oven, and I am sitting outside; fine breeze cooling down the tropical, unrecognizable weather, and the dusk coming along gentle and peaceful. And the chirp of birds... .

Griffith says that the novels of Bukowski, with no exception, "are messy, ramshackle, rambling, structurally chaotic" and "held together, it seems, by bits of Sellotape and string". (Sellotape is the British branch -Griffith is from Liverpool). "Even the punctuation defies basic grammatical rules", he adds. However, he is absolutely in loved with it: "I took the book home, sat in my chair by the window and, in a few hours I had to myself before I had to clock on at the sorting office [Griffith himself worked in a Post Office], read the entire thing twice". The book made life easier, much easier for him. And "yet to criticize it with the exegetical tools of formal literary appreciation is to entirely miss the point; the disorder of it, the near illiteracy of it, even, is of a piece with the explicit command it contains to construct a uniquely personal set of rules and beliefs as a way of resisting absorption and remaining, in a very real sense of the world, alive".

I share Griffith's feelings: the story of Chinaski is simply devastating, but it has the power to relief. It is the chalice of the despaired. Life flows warm like blood through the veins of its pages. And one loves it. However, I can't actually believe that all that can be acquired with such a literary mess. Quite the opposite, I don't see any mess at all. In fact, the style of Bukowski is the only possible literary approximation and, as Griffith says, it is the pulse that sets the heart of the novel in motion. It has rhythm. Rhythm and contrast. The words are just the proper words, in quality and number. Sentences, though simple, are white hot iron. Magnificent, thrilling at times: Bukowski was a poet. Nothing seems to be missing nor to be disposed of.

And, at the same time, the style is the only possible style for a guy like Hank Chinaski. He tells the story when he is about 50, one morning he wakes up, after being half-dead, from several days of madness and intoxication, and all of a sudden, following the impulse of a neurotic: "In the morning it was morning and I was still alive. Maybe I'll write a novel, I thought. And then I did". That is the end of the novel. The rest above is the account of his last 15 years of his life. Chinaski tells his life as anyone would remember it, there is nothing artificial in it, anecdotes and all. The book is a thunderstorm made out of the electric flashes of the memory of a perfectly credible man. And everything around him is equally real: the checking in and out to work, the two 10-minute breaks, the write-up or warning notes, the call-in sick, the notes of leave, the furtive escapes to smoke a cigarette of make a phone call, the stories of people (the only thing you get away with at the end of the day). All this I even had the chance of witnessing, not too long ago, while working in a pharmaceutical facility, by then owned to Mr. Propps.

Now, most important: Chinaski is not stupid. On the contrary, he is a smart ass animated by this witticism that resembles the Evil in person to the average man abiding the rules of the average society. He could be a good negotiator, perhaps, or even a good Union representative, if he would have cared about. But he is not the victim of any brutal society, unmerciful and cruel, playing nasty on his pure and innocent soul, as Griffith seems to imply. No. The association to the beatnik generation and such is wrong, not only because the novel was written almost 20 years after (in 1971), but also, because Hank Chinaski has nothing to do with drug experimentation or the search for new forms of spiritualism, sex or art. Not at all. He is just a cynic and chooses his way to just don't give a damn shit about anything.

It is precisely in the attitude of Chinaski where I find a quite unsettling insight out of Bukowski's novel. His attitude cannot be justified. Far from beget any symbolism linked to the post-war America, the suffocation of man by technology, the consumerism or the jettison of the human soul, the figure of Chinaski has no hunger whatsoever for spiritual sustenance or improvement. He occupies the role, quite common today, of a man who has given up, for whatever reasons, the world. He is a lonely, hollow man, a drunkard. But, again, he is not a moron, he could have been something. But he chooses not to. In the same way that Vargas Llosa wondered the exact moment Peru screwed Itself up, we can ask ourselves: when did Hank Chinaski become such a fucked up dude?

And here it comes the realization that this could happen to anyone. We might be cynic or justify it, but it actually can happen to anyone. With horror I have read these words of Griffith when explaining how he became aware of Bukowski novel: "I'd read the novel Women, and a couple of his poetry collections had been my sole companions on many daytime drinking sprees". Oh, God! It sounds like a sentence I could write in this blog. It sounds like me!... One would never realize whether the transformation has started yet or not, whether nails and hair show any symptom of unusual growth. It will be too late to realize whether one is on one side or another of the socially accepted behavior or whether that process is reversible or not... It seems to me so many people out there are at the edge of their lives' rope, like a gypsy trapeze artist 30 feet above ground.

Post Office (a double-meaning construction, perhaps. The Spanish translation, Cartero, is just wrong). Charles Bukowsky. Great novel.

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Saturday, May 26, 2012

Under the tropical


The tropical summer has entered London without knocking. Bad manners. Not even the climate is a gentleman in this country.

**
I have learned with surprise that Theodor Herzl, the man who led to Zionism and the creation of the State of Israel, was quite probably carried that far in his enterprise by the encouragement and influence of William Hechler, a protestant Christian, a gentile. A lover of the Bible, he saw the fulfillment of its prophecies in it: "thus, said the Lord God, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standerd to the people: and they shall bring thy sonnes in their armes: and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders" (Is 49, 22). Herzl was impressed by him and regarded him as a prophet. Hechler died in 1931, after giving warnings of times of harshness coming on for the Jews. He had managed to redeem a little the lives of people escaping the pogroms in Russian in the late 19th century by establishing two settlements in Palestine... There is a large disadvantage for this young generation of us, and it is being so ignorant, so ignorant... .

**

Probably you've heard about this soccer match between Barcelona and Bilbao, played yesterday night in Madrid, the final of the Spanish Cup. The controversy comes from the certainty (following the precedence two years ago, when the same teams found themselves playing the final), that 30, 40 or 60 thousand supporters -generally speaking, the whole stadium- would boo the National Spanish Anthem. And so they did, blowing to the full exhaustion of their capacity. The whistling was to be deafened by one measure of cowardice and another of illegality: by increasing the level of decibels to the point of hazard on one side, and by suggesting a short, very short version of the Anthem. The latter I don't understand: the Royal Decree 1560/1997 of October 1997 establishes that the short version of the Anthem -the one and only short version- is to be played in sport events or when the Prince chairs it, instead of the King; the version is composed of 4 bars, the 4 bars of the Anthem, but without repetition. Nevertheless, at this point this argument of enforcing a Royal Decree is kind of... joyful.

Against the theories that conceal order into chaos and turn the passion of the masses in law of divine right, one must remark that nationalistic groups have encouraged people to do so. The infamous placards Catalonia is not Spain more than once arrived in the trunks of official cars. Just like that, openly. Out of the clear contradiction of having human tribes competing for a title bestowed by a country that they, at least, despise, added on top of the humiliation for the King Himself, who is to hand down the Cup, a single politician, a woman, dared to suggest the obvious: that the match could not be taken place. A second one, another woman, supported it by pointing out that, of course, it does not make any sense. The first added a further argument:  such an act against the National Symbols is a criminal offense according to the Spanish Constitution and the Criminal Law. But alas! The sky full opened upon her head and exhaled its full blaze of fury and rage. Not even her own party backed her up. And there it is when you say: we all might be crazy. What a country, God Almighty!

**

Spain is different and has the habit of being stupid, unfortunately, quite often. In the case of National Anthems, however, the Spanish case is one of the few right ones. The National Anthem of Spain has no lyrics, but this is not because some inextricable force acting on the obscure spirit of that Nation, but just because it was composed as a march, an old march, that makes one of the oldest Anthems. One of the theories is that Frederick of Prussia gave it as a present to his niece Maria Amalia of Saxony, who married Charles the Seventh of Naples, the would-be King Carlos III of Spain, in 1738. It became a custom to play the march in events attended by the King and, this way, consuetudinis magna vis est, was sanctioned as the National Anthem. Is there any room for anything more democratic?

Quite honestly, it is good the Anthem has no lyrics. Anthems should have no lyrics. One only have to take a look at the words of modern Anthems -played in "non-political" events (i.e. sports) and in scenarios dedicated to the Brotherhood of Man and the Myth of the Global Peace (i.e. Olympics)- to hold his head and jerk off running away and away. After the fallen of the Iron Curtain, the beautiful hymn of the ex-USSR was replaced in Russia by a Glinka's composition, Patrioticheskaya Pesnya, with no words, which only lasted until Vladimir Putin restored the USSR anthem on the grounds of not inspiring the Russian athletes.

Despite a wonderful music, the lyrics of this hymn are unsettling. More than unsettling, utterly horrible and cruel is La Marseillaise, straight out of Jacobinism, the radical stage of the French Revolution (1792). The mobs sing:


Aux armes, citoyens!
Formez vos bataillons!
Marchons, marchons!
Qu'un sang impur...
Abeuve nos sillons! 


"Let us march, let us march! May impure blood water our fields"... . The reference to war and the ordeal of blood (as old as the Exodus) repeats frequently. The bellicose air of most of the Anthems is just a unpleasant fact. "As armas, as armas! Sobre a terra e sobre o mar", screams out even the Portuguese. It looks like every people on Earth extend destruction to what it is most cherished to them in the hour of darkness. In Spain, even the beloved Els Segadors for the Catalan independentist -"strike with the sickle!"- and the Hymn of the II Spanish Republic -so praised and mythologized by the Western left- call to arms, to win or to die, quite unmercifully. In South America, the Anthem of Mexico (Bocanegra, 1853) and the Cuban La Bayamesa (1869) are particularly aggresive, and that of Bolivia (Sanjines, 1845) even sets a threat in precious Spanish:


Si extranjero poder algun dia
sojuzgar a Bolivia intentare,
a destino fatal se prepare.
Que amenaza a soberbio invasor
que los hijos del grande Bolivar
han ya mil y mil veces jurado
morir antes que ver humillado
de la patria el augusto pendon.

Only a few, like the Anthems of Panama and El Salavador, quite tired of tragedies and the destruction of death, talk about peace. The poetic construction of the latter one, curiously composed by a General (1879), is great:

Y en seguir esta linea se aferra,
dedicando su esfuerzo tenaz,
en hacer cruda guerra a la guerra:
su ventura se encuentra en la paz.

Most of the National Anthems seems to come out after periods of revolution or war and crisis of auto-definition. They are political productions in search for a national identity. It is mad to look in there for the Global union of Mankind. Anthems, like Nations, are like cats: they purr happily when being at ease but hide their claws ready to tear as soon as they are panicked out. The Anthems of Italy and Germany speaks of Union, it is true, but of a very restricted and exclusive union -just within borders- and pretty much so does the English in singing God save the Queen, the symbol of an unbreakable unity. I like much better, though, Jerusalem: lyrics of Blake in music of Parry.

In 1814, at a time when Spain had just beat the yoke of Napoleon and given birth to a Constitution on the name of individual freedom and national sovereignty, an amateur young man wrote the lyrics that would become the words of the US National Anthem after the witnessing of a war bombing. The lyrics are significant and proves to me, once more, the miraculous combination that has led the Americans to be the references of our current World: the recognition of evil and the determination to stand up, over and over again, till the end of times, like free, self-exposed individuals.

O say, can you see by the dawn's early sky
(...)
O'er the ramparts we watched (...)
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air (...)
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

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Thursday, May 24, 2012

Redemption song

It sounds truthful that the Hebrew people, time before the Greek enthroned Nature against Man, developed the linear concept of Existence and bestowed History -God's History- with the unique power to redeem: everything will be fulfilled at the end of times. In his own particular way, though not original, Marx leaned such power on the evolution of History as well, and exerted an endless influence later on.  Reality has hardly accompanied the predictions of Marx, nevertheless, but the purifying power of History endured. Until the fire of the ordeal come at the very end, Revolution sets the path. In times of the Soviet Union, two main political-philosophical options were available: either the State of Terror and Revolution was extended to the whole world by means of the Atomic menace, or the time for ripen Capitalism to fell was awaited. But Capitalism never failed; on the contrary, the predicted crisis  of Marx, every ten or eleven years, became more and more apart, and Capitalism seemed to grow stronger despite all.

History has lost Its meaning in the Western world today and, if any, I dare say that It remains in the burning sense of Unity and Totalitarism of the Islamic republics and gangs. The Revolution is still there for them, who are willing to make everyone participant of it by means of terror and imposition. But they also await on Capitalism to break, in the name of any faked Arab spring, followed by the Winter of intolerant Islam.

Again, I say, History faded out in the Western world but, in spite of this,  individuals still tend to believe in a special History written for them. At least, I do. I am still waiting for my little sunshine which will make the tender chicks to break the hatch of my fate. A fate, of course, that I deserve clear and rich. I know -though I don't want to believe- it is a mistake. I like believing, though, it will really happen. "Typically", wrote Susan Sontag, "writer's notebooks are crammed with statements about the will: the will to write, the will to love, the will to renounce love, the will to go on living. The journal is where the writer is heroic to himself. In it he exists solely as perceiving, suffering, struggling being". This it is: we become masters of our unique and well-deserved History on which we wait to be saved.

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Monday, May 21, 2012

Jubilee in Gibraltar

This ending week, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and The Times has barked menacingly to the one thousand and one complaint of Spain against the umpteenth abuse of Gibraltar authorities. The Government decision of canceling Queen Sofia trip to London to attend Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee last Friday seems to me not very able from a political perspective, anyhow, whatever the grounds are (which are not very clear: up to 3 different reasons I've heard). If invitations have been extended to several Monarchies (not certainly to the long-time-ago deposed King Konstantin of Greece, Sofia's brother, who was left out), it is not clear to me why Juan Carlos or his son, Prince Phillip, were not in the list, since the 1978 Spanish Constitution only recognizes the King and his Son, being Sofia just the King's consort. Why her? At the end, Sofia is the cousin of the Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen's husband. Perhaps, she was doing it to spite incorrigible Juan Carlos and her dramatic marital status for more than 40 years or, who knows, maybe it was just a nice weekend plan, since she can be seen in Harrods every other Friday.

The British press does not seem very "eligible" to rejoice in the incurable infidelity of Juan Carlos, as that of all the Bourbons, nor in his last affair without naming it -Corinna Van Wittgenstein- because of Pat Kirkwood, the tampax file and some other cases of loose morality in the British Royal House, where a hereditary dynasty of lovers and mistresses almost run parallel to the Royal One. Nor they have any rights to seriously accuse Spain of something resembling Imperialism, because it might be taken as a joke. Gibraltar is just the last British colony in Western Europe: only 6 squared kilometers ended before the sea in a sudden rock of 425 meters in altitude. And the appeals to the rock's sovereignty seem to be a flexible heat pump that can be used as cooler in summer and heater in winter, as needed. The UK flag flaps at ease in Gibraltar and Fabian Picardo, the rock Chief Minister, shows recently no scrupulous in threatening with calling upon the Royal Navy or, even more, with a military conflict. The British journalists have barked, no less: it is an offense to our Queen!... Sovereignty??...

The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) was not very advantageous for Spain. It was like a death sentence that set the end of this country as a World Power. With the excuse of supporting one of the pretenders to the throne of Spain after the death of Carlos II (the last Habsburg), the English Almirant Rooke, at the head of an Anglo-Dutch fleet, occupied Gibraltar and Menorca in 1704 and tried to do so in Cadiz and Barcelona. Menorca was recuperated but, at the end of the War, the English did not return Gibraltar. The article no. 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht sanctioned the facto status-quo, but established some conditions: 1) no communication between Gibraltar and Spain; 2) England has no right whatsoever to the surrounding waters and the strait; 3) Gibraltar could only be property of the King of Spain or England. Additionally, the Treaty sentenced that Gibraltar would become Spanish again once it was no longer a British colony.

This so-praised Treaty has been violated countless times by the English, since its very beginning. Unfortunately, Spain has betrayed itself several times: no Spanish Ambassadors were present to sign the Treaty and was left entirely to the French and, in 1783, during the Peace of Versailles, when USA was recognized as independent from England, the Conde de Aranda, who ceased by himself the rock, lost the opportunity to re-gain Gibraltar. Many years later, in 1938, in the midst of the Civil War, Indalecio Prieto, a very indecent man, head of the Socialist Party, offered the British a piece of Galicia and Menorca, again, in exchange of help against Franco.

The same year of 1938, the authorities of Gibraltar took a hold of the waters around the rock to build an airport, on the grounds of being an "Emergency Landing Group". It was a lie, of course, but it was not the first. In the year of 1815, during the epidemy of Yellow Fever that affected the rock, the Spanish accepted the petition of the Gibraltar government to set a provisional camp further north, which became part of the territory after then. In 1865 the Spanish acceded to sign the first Agreement upon sailing in the waters of the strait; the last one of 1999, also regarding fishing policies, has been very recently unilaterally scrapped by the Gibraltar authorities.

It seems doubtless to me that Gibraltar is important for the UK and, more than important, it is profitable. Most of the activity in the rock is illegal, illegitimate or controlled by mafias. Gibraltar is well-known as a Financial Paradise.This should be the focus of the Spanish Government. Gibraltar began being an inconvenient abscess for the British during the years of Franco dictatorship, when the border was closed. Franco was right in the policy. I would close the gate on the grounds of all the spurious activities going on in there (tax evasion, the nuclear waste storage, the responsibilities for the Prestige case in 2002, etc.) and negotiations will then be a matter of diplomatic ability. I always thought that Gibraltar is just an infected piece of rock, good for nothing, with only the attraction of monkeys (my parents took me there once and I think I can remember everyone seeing monkeys but me) and thought of the problem quite unimportant, but it sounds reasonable the warnings of certain commentators: contrary to appearances, a true cooperation between Spain and the UK will never be possible if the issue of Gibraltar is not seriously examined, instead of ignored and abused.

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Sunday, May 20, 2012

History, the beast

The umpteenth episode of hostility between England and Spain about Gibraltar, the circumstances in which the Spanish Monarchy has seen Itself tangled in and, most of all, the fabulous developments of the European crisis have fueled in my mind a tiny spark concerning the understanding or, better, the study of History.

Far from being a concatenated series of events, an aristocratic moor for the scholar livestock or a haggard truth only guessed in dark archives, History is colored by the hearts of men and women. Errand as it is, there seems to be after all something immutable in It, in the very same way human hearts never cease to be themselves, generation after generation.

Without the feelings, the real motives and circumstances of the individuals that make it possible, History will just look like an aseptic list of causes and effects, as indeed does, to the naked eye. In the name of Rights, only school children have a chance to study History systematically -provided we accept as "study" what school children do. This is kind of a pity. History seems to me an initiation discipline, more than a plain knowledge of bare facts. Experience is required. A boy of 14 knows nothing about his heart. Twenty or thirty years down the road, however, the soul and skin of a person has born part of the weight of sweet and darkness that they are capable of and, then, time is ripen for him to open the gate of History and look backwards. 

If it is true that Napoleon was the first to say: "he who does not know the History is bound to repeat it", I must disagree. History is on my side on this. Napoleon was the first modern monster brought out of the first modern Revolution, the first to target the kingdom of Man based on the Vindication of Destiny, praising the Religion of the Future and by means of shear force. He, as others after who emulated and surpassed him, was wrong. But my point is that we can only approach History from the present. It is not that we learn History and then we build a society with just the elements that any sort of Idealism brings upon, as Napoleon's statement seems to imply. Stupid, mistaken pretense! It is -seems to me- the taste of our own lives, our own experience which make us understand a little piece of our History, i.e. what we really are.

**

With interest and worried I try to listen behind the lines what my Greek acquaintances tell me about their country situation. What they and their families think or say and, most important, what they do is what really matters. They truly are the pen -or the laptop- of History at this moment. In one week, my friend E. has pointed out twice that the level of suicides has skyrocketed in the last few months in Greece. I don't have any knowledge to make an accurate judgement, but I suspect that the fact is a common symptom of a bad disease. I just learned that between the First and Second World War, Germany suffered an epidemy of suicides, which to Camus indicates "a great deal about the state of mental confusion" and reflects all humiliation and despair. But it is the darkness of today what help enlighten up the shadows of the past, mutatis mutandis, and this realization takes the theories on steady progress of human History -"though with dragging steps", in the words of Turgot, Baron of Laune- to a point of ridicule.

**

The recent death of Donna Summer is still fresh ink in the pages of History, her name just added to the proper Chapter. But the book can be read in many different ways. The dispassionate obituary of The Times last Friday and the unengaged and merely factual commentary of Will Hodgkinson in the same paper are stunning contrasts to the those of others for who Donna made history in their lives. I guess Hodgkinson never danced or fell in love with her music, partly because of his age -me neither-, but for those who did, the surprising dead of the artist has the taste of nostalgia for the lost times of youth and innocence. "Those were the days", sung Mary Hopkin, when those young mean and women thought of themselves, as today's youngsters, invincible. But now, a fatality has stricken upon such a mirage with all the force:

Those were the days, my friend,
We thought they'd never end.
We'd sing and dance forever and a day
We'd live the life we choose,
We'd fight and never lose
For we were young and sure to have our way.


I kind of like the songs of Donna's last album, Crayons. Sounds quite fresh and contemporary. I've read she was working on a new album at the moment of her death. It sounds reasonable: in the end, everyone, Donna included, try to grasp life and squeeze the last drop of it by doing what he loves the most.

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Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Eighteen years

About eighteen years ago the following problem was posed at the end of a Physics lesson regarding the gravitational field:

“Assuming that the Earth is perfectly spherical and homogeneous (i.e. constant density), prove that if a tunnel was dug following one of the Earth diameters and passing through its centre, a small ball dropped at the surface would describe a harmonic motion”.

Naturally, the Earth is neither a perfect sphere nor its density is constant. However, if this was the case, the acceleration exerted on the small ball by the gravitational force would reduce proportionally to its location, in such a way that it would become 0 at the centre of the Earth. Naming r the direction of the motion and R, the radius of the Earth, it is satisfied:

g(r) = - Cr(t)                                                                                                      
(1),

with the constant C being:

C=4/3*Pi* G*density of Earth                                                                             
(2),

and G, the Universal constant of gravitation, 6.67·10-11 Nm-2kg-2.

Equation (1) -a direct finding from the Gauss’ law, the law of flux, as we learned it in the high school- seems to me now a sufficient proof, because a feature of all harmonic motions is to have its acceleration proportional to the negative of its position vector. Nevertheless, it can be shown that the form of the r(t) is a cosine type of function, which is a harmonic one. An introduction to ordinary differential equations (ODE) is needed to solve the problem, but it is rather straight-forward, only a quick, warming-up exercise –despite the dimensions of the tunnel needed. Realization is a matter of concepts and first principles, and the fact that it took me so many years to understand –even though I did try no more times than fingers I have in my right hand- might give idea of how feeble the fundamentals are normally laid in the soil of the student’s brain.

The starting point is the momentum equation applied to the descending ball. Gravity is the only force. Using Equation (1):

m dv(t)/dt = m g(r)                                                                                             
(3),

where v(t) is the velocity and m, the mass. The velocity and the position are connected through the derivative, and Equation (3) can be arranged to:

d2r(t)/dt2 + C r(t) = 0                                                                                        
(4)

Equation (4) is a linear ODE with constant coefficients and solutions are of the form (heuristic approach):

r(t) of the type exp (at)                                                                                                    
(5),

where a is a parameter. Using Equation (5) in (4), the characteristic equation of the ODE is found:

a^2 +C = 0                                                                                                        
(6)

The solution of (6) is:

a = +/- i*sqrt(C)                                                                                                 
(7)

The function of r(t) is, therefore:

r(t) = A exp (i*t*sqrt(C)) + B exp (-i*t*sqrt(C))                                                   
(8),

where A and B are constants that can be calculated using two initial conditions: r(t) = R and v(t) = 0 at t = 0, respectively. The velocity v(t) is calculated by taking the derivative of Equation (8). It is found, then:

A = B = R/2                                                                                                       
(9)

And:

r(t) = R/2 * (exp (i*t*sqrt(C)) + exp (-i*t*sqrt(C))                                            
(10)

The complex exponentials are:

exp (i*t*sqrt(C) = cos (t*sqrt(C)) + i sin (t*sqrt(C))                                           
(11a)
exp (-i*t*sqrt(C) = cos (t*sqrt(C)) - i sin (t*sqrt(C))                                          
(11b)

Substituting Equations (11a and b) in (10), the imaginary parts are cancelled, and the final solution describing the location of the small ball at any time t is:

r(t) = R cos (t*sqrt(C))                                                                                      
(12)

Equation (12) describes a harmonic motion.

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Thursday, May 10, 2012

The old kingdom of formality


It's been long time ago we have turned our backs to Mathematics. "The problem of these boys is that they don't know Math", a professor confessed during one of my exams years ago. J.A., who holds two PhD, one in Chemistry and another in Physics, used to say: "The key is Math; you know Math and you can learn everything". But still, Mathematics has been so coarsely mistreated and simplified. No one seems willing to pay the price of formality and full-understanding. I think it was Einstein who said that "calculations should not be be more complex than what they actually are... Nor simpler either". On page 14 of his Hydrodynamic Stability, P.G. Drazin states: "To illustrate some of the mechanisms and concepts of stability we shall now work through a classic problem that demands little mathematics". Alas! A "classic problem that demands little mathematics"... But on which I struggle like a poppy in a water spring. 

It caught my attention the formal definitions of stability provided by Darzin. Apparently, the mathematical concept was laid out by someone called Alexander Lyapounov, a Russian mathematician (1857-1918): “we say a basic flow is stable if, for any ε > 0, there exists some positive number δ (depending upon ε) such that if the norm of u(x,0) – U(x,0) or the norm of p(x,0) – P(x,0), etc. is < δ, then such norms are < ε for all times, t > 0”. This stuff involving positive, but small numbers ε and δ, sounds familiar. From an early age we learned the  formal definition of a continuous function in a point x0 belonging to an open interval (a,b), for example, as: for any positive ε, as small as desired, there exists another positive real number, δ,  such as if the norm of x-x0 < δ, then the norm f(x)-f(x0) < ε. In fact, there is an -apparently- interesting review of the evolution of the concept of continuity in the Spanish manuals of high-school level from 1940 to 2000 here.

The point I wish to make is this: it was a time of gold when, just like life, formality was a kingdom to master and aspire to. A time of gold, all spurn today.

Wednesday, May 9, 2012

Зимá

It happens with translations from the Russian, the Japanese, the Hungarian, the Danish, and probably it would happen with readings in other languages with which I am not really acquainted (the readings I mean, and the writers). One can find beautiful translations to Spanish or English from the Italian or the French -Anthony Bower's translation of Camus' The Rebel is just invigorating-, as if the works could have been written just in one or another code. The translations from Murakami, Ishiguro, Ogawa are a different concept: the river behind the story seems agitated, cold and profound, but the translated sentences are so simple and innocent that the discourse seems almost implausible. Just a pity to miss so much. A terrible lost, like drinking good wine in a glass of milk. The great Russians' translations, all of the same are, often, poor wraps of a shiny treasure, unfortunately. A doubtless shame it was, but I rushed to finish Dostoyevsky's The Gambler in Spanish, and left Notes from the Underground in English. Did not have better luck with whatever Gogol or Puskin I tried. My inability to read Chejov is quite painful. And the same with all the Greeks, Aristophanes, Euripides, just painful. Ibsen is a great under-known. Ulitskaya's powerful Women's Lies was soiled by something missing in Spanish. Translations from the German sometimes does not help at all, and that includes Kafka's The Metamorphosis or Hesse's Steppenwolf.

States of mind apart, I found the translation of Maria Szijj and Gonzalez Trevejo to Spanish of Sándor Márai's Szabadulas quite in the same terms. I mean the translation, which impoverishes the recollection of the story, blurs the focus and gets the scalpel blunt. The story is impressive, though -terrible rather than "beautiful", as some La Stampa has said of it. The final turn, dropping a heavy shadow of ambiguity about the rape of the girl by an unknown solider, who hardly speaks and is dead with a shot on his head a few instants later, is breath-taken. A wave of destruction sweeps the basements and hide-outs of Budapest for a few months with an apotheosis of inhumanity during the last days of the siege. The wave leaves the war-ground flat and a death trail; hopelessness or delusion float in the air, only to escape up presumably soon like columns of smoke.


During the scene of Erzsébet with the Russian soldier, out of madness and desperation, she does all the talk. The girl who serves as stream for the story finally turns out not to be the heroine that a conventional tale might have required. Instead, the story leaves her behind, mad and wronged. The reader is lifted away from the hopeless scenario, like a camera would move upwards as the frozen last photograph would fade out and merge into the credits and the soundtrack.

Only a few words the soldier says: "niemetsky", "poniemaio", "sibirien". And "zimá", Зимá, the vast frozen and barren land of the Russian winter. The Hungarians have a similar word for the same. K., 32, says that he last heard it when he was a kid. Makes sense: the novel was published in 2000, but written in 1945. That word, the cold, the final passages, all made an impression on me. Is there any better word to describe the current situation in Europe?

Зимá.

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Friday, May 4, 2012

Tutti-frutti

I wanted to post the photograph below a few days ago. The manifesto of the UK Independent Party (UKIP) for the London Assembly elections held yesterday can be found here. Not very substantial, I think. It sounds like the kind of tutti-frutti, short-minded program of a fraternity chap running for College representative. But the photograph is... interesting... This type of claim next to an off-licence shop managed by Polish immigrants. They are truly Londoners, though.


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